What it returns
- Home win, draw and away win probabilities (1X2)
- Over/Under 2.5 goals
- Both teams to score
- The most likely exact scorelines with their probabilities
- Fitted expected goals for each side
- Metadata on the history window used, and a data-quality note for newly added teams
How the model works
Every team gets an attack rating and a defence rating, and the league gets a home advantage. They are fitted on recent results, with exponential time decay so last month counts for more than two seasons ago.
A plain Poisson model treats home and away goals as independent. Real matches are not like that at low scores: 0-0, 1-0, 0-1 and 1-1 happen at different rates than independence predicts. Dixon and Coles (1997) added a correlation term for exactly those four scorelines, fitted from the league's own results.
The model builds the full scoreline grid for each fixture and normalises it, so 1X2, Over/Under, BTTS and correct score all come from the same numbers and always add up.
Why the low-score correction matters
An illustration with the same expected goals on both models (1.35 for the home side, 1.15 for the away side): an independent Poisson grid gives a draw about 26.8% of the time. With a Dixon-Coles correlation of -0.13 the draw rises to about 30.2%. The parameter here is illustrative; in the Actor it is fitted per league.
Leagues with ready-made examples
- MLS
- Liga MX
- Liga de Expansion MX
- USL Championship
- Brasileirao Serie B
- Colombia Primera A
- Uruguay Primera Division
- Norway Eliteserien
9 ready-made examples
Each one is a saved configuration with its input filled in. Open it on Apify and run it in one click.
- MLS Match Predictions: 1X2, Over/Under & BTTS
- MLS Correct Score Probabilities
- Liga MX Match Predictions: 1X2, Over/Under & BTTS
- Liga de Expansion MX Match Predictions: 1X2 & BTTS
- USL Championship Match Predictions: 1X2, Over/Under & BTTS
- Brasileirao Serie B Match Predictions: 1X2, Over/Under & BTTS
- Colombia Primera A Match Predictions: 1X2, Over/Under & BTTS
- Uruguay Primera Division Match Predictions: 1X2 & BTTS
- Norway Eliteserien Match Predictions: 1X2, Over/Under & BTTS
Common questions
Why use Dixon-Coles instead of a plain Poisson model?
Because a plain Poisson model misprices low-scoring results, and draws are mostly low-scoring results. The correction changes the draw probability by several percentage points, which is the same size as the margins people look for when they compare with a market.
Do the markets add up?
Yes. Home, draw and away sum to one, Over and Under sum to one, and both are read from the same grid as the correct-score probabilities, so they cannot contradict each other.
How much history does it use?
The ready-made examples fit on three seasons of results with time decay, and predict fixtures in the next 14 days. Both settings are inputs you can change.
What happens with a newly promoted or newly added team?
There is less history to fit, so the output carries a data-quality note for fixtures involving that team. Treat those probabilities with more caution.
Further reading
Correct score, BTTS and Over/Under probabilities with Dixon-Coles — why a plain Poisson model underprices draws, and what a per-match prediction looks like for MLS and Liga MX.
Other models
- Soccer Predictions API — Title, top-four, playoff and relegation odds
- MLB Playoff Odds API — Division, wild card and postseason odds for 30 teams
- NFL Playoff Odds API — Division, wild card and No. 1 seed odds for 32 teams
- NHL Playoff Odds API — Playoff, wild card and Presidents’ Trophy odds for 32 teams
- NBA Playoff Odds API — Playoff, play-in and championship odds for 30 teams
- Sports Probabilities MCP Server — The models as tools for AI agents